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A significant increase in GPx activity in the inflamed mucosa was found in either active or remission stage in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients

10.1016/j.jep.2020.113629 40 LiX

NAD+'s metabolic roles encompass several key pathways: Energy production : NAD+ regulates glycolysis, the citric acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation by functioning as a cofactor for redox reactions Redox balance : The NAD+/NADH ratio controls flux through metabolic pathways, ensuring properly regulated cellular metabolism Mitochondrial function : NAD+ is essential for ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation, where NADH donates electrons to complex I in the electron transport chain Biosynthetic processes : Through its phosphorylated form NADP+, it supports anabolic reactions and cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms NAD+ directly shapes cellular processes that maintain tissue homeostasis

Current strategies aim to restore balance through two principal means: chelation to mitigate copper overload or supplementation to correct deficiency, both with the goal of re-establishing metabolic equilibrium

PMCID: PMC7564605